Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

In terms of aging theories, which type involves biological changes over time?

1. Genetic theories

2. Non-biological theories

3. Biological theories

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: Biological theories

The concept of biological theories of aging emphasizes the physiological and biological changes that occur in organisms over time. These theories suggest that aging is a result of various biological processes and mechanisms, such as cellular damage, genetic factors, and accumulative changes at the molecular level. Biological theories include mechanisms like oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and metabolic changes that contribute to the gradual decline in physical functions and increase the risk of age-related diseases. This perspective is essential in understanding how and why our bodies change as we age, focusing specifically on the intrinsic biological factors that directly influence the aging process. In contrast, genetic theories focus more narrowly on the hereditary aspects of aging and how genetics may predispose individuals to certain aging patterns or age-related diseases. Non-biological theories encompass environmental, social, and psychological factors influencing aging, rather than the direct biological changes themselves. Thus, while genetic and non-biological theories provide valuable insights into the complexity of aging, it is the biological theories that specifically address the physiological changes that occur as part of the aging process.