Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Total protein levels are decreased in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

1. Kidney disease

2. Liver disease

3. Poor nutrition

4. Dehydration

The correct answer is: Dehydration

Total protein levels in the blood can be influenced by a variety of conditions. When considering the effect of dehydration on total protein levels, it's important to recognize that dehydration typically results in hemoconcentration, which means that the concentration of proteins in the blood may appear higher because there is less plasma (the liquid component of blood) relative to the solid components. In contrast, kidney disease, liver disease, and poor nutrition generally result in lower total protein levels. Kidney disease can lead to protein loss through urine due to conditions like nephrotic syndrome. Liver disease affects the liver's ability to synthesize proteins, which can reduce levels of albumin and globulins. Poor nutrition leads to inadequate intake of protein, which directly decreases total protein production in the body. Therefore, dehydration is a condition that does not lead to decreased total protein levels; instead, it can result in an apparent increase. This understanding clarifies why dehydration is the exception in this scenario.