Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

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Which of the following is NOT included in the five steps of the scientific process?

  1. hypothesis

  2. method

  3. conceptualization

  4. data collection

The correct answer is: conceptualization

The five steps of the scientific process typically include the following: observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation (or method), data collection, and analysis of results. Conceptualization is not typically enumerated as a separate step within this framework. Instead, it often serves as a part of the initial observation and hypothesis development stage, where scientists develop ideas and theories based on preliminary observations. Thus, while conceptualization is an important phase in the broader context of scientific inquiry, it does not stand alone as one of the recognized core steps in the standard scientific process, making it the correct selection in this scenario.